An Informative Guide to the Stages and Types of Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer has become common cancer caused among females. Every year, a great number of
women fall prey to this disease, some of which save their lives by getting themselves treated at the
right time. Ovarian cancer is not restricted to any one type, but there are many forms of it. Likewise,
ovarian cancer treatment too has several forms.

Different types of ovarian cancer:
Epithelial tumours:
Around 90 percent of the ovarian cancers develop in the epithelium. This form of cancer generally occurs
in postmenopausal women.

Germ cell carcinoma tumours:
This type of cancer starts in the cells which form eggs. This kind of cancer occurs in the women in their
early 20s. Around 5 percent of women suffer from this kind of cancer.

Stromal carcinoma tumours:
This kind of cancer develops in the connective tissue cells holding the ovary together which are
responsible for the production of the female hormones. They have two types – granulosa cell tumour
and sertoli-leydig cell tumour.

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary:
This is a rare and highly malignant tumour affecting young women. Its subtypes include neuroendocrine,
pulmonary as well as hypercalcemia. Around 0.1 percent of women suffer from this kind of cancer. The
best treatment for cancer in India depends upon the type and the stage of ovarian cancer.
Ovarian Cancer Stages:
Stage 1:
IA: cancer is confined to the single ovary.
IB: cancer is present in both ovaries.
IC: The capsule or tissue that encloses the tumorous cells ruptures in one or both ovaries.
Stage 2:
IIA: cancer spreads to the fallopian tubes or uterus.
IIB: cancer spreads into the bladder, uterus, rectum, sigmoid colon, and other pelvic organs.
Stage 3:
IIIA: cancer cells are found in the lymph nodes or upper abdomen.
IIIB: a visible tumour of less than 2cm located in the upper abdomen.
IIIC: a visible tumour exceeding 2cm existing in the upper abdomen and extends to the liver or spleen.
Stage 4:
IVA: cancer cells make their way in a fluid surrounding the lungs.
IVB: cancer cells spread to the liver, lung, and/or spleen.
Ovarian cancer treatment should be started right after it has been diagnosed. As soon as it starts
spreading, it starts hindering human health.



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